This website is devoted to the life and work of a single man, a nineteenth century land surveyor from Dorset [England] called John Martin. Although he is no relation of mine I became interested in him after discovering a series of diaries he wrote and which are now stored safely in the Dorset History Centre in Dorchester. A further four diaries are known to exist in private hands, including the one for 1863, the year in which he died, but these are not available for study.

If the focus of the website is a single man, it’s purpose has changed and grown bigger since I started it. Through the pages on the site I seek to tell stories. Firstly of course it is the story of John Martin, his family, his work and his role in the local community but it is the story also of a rural England that has disappeared for ever. An England that was ordered and arranged by customs and practices some of which are recorded here. Then there are the stories of some of the many villages and hamlets that Martin worked in and which he helped to transform. Lastly it tells the story of some of the people who John Martin encountered. He can on occasion be found conversing with Peers of the Realm in the morning and dung hauliers in the afternoon.

Martin was baptised in May 1780 and died in 1863 at the age of 83. This was a pivotal period in the history of the country during which the rural landscape was quite literally transformed. A time traveller leaving Dorset in, say 1760 and returning in 1860 could not have failed to observe the physical changes in the appearance of the Dorset countryside. Delving deeper, he or she would have noted social changes too. In many parishes, seemingly overnight, customs, laws and agricultural practices that had evolved over centuries and which had glued the community together, were abolished. In 1834 that most basic responsibility of the community, the care of it’s poorest inhabitants, was transferred away from the parish to ‘The Union’, and it’s workhouse.

Driving the transformation were three great movements with which Martin was intimately involved. The first was the inclosure movement, designed to inclose [their word], with fences, the large open fields and commons that had once been a feature of the Dorset landscape. The results of inclosure, the picturesque fields and hedgerows that we see today, had devastating consequences for a particular class of ‘yeoman farmers’ who being deprived of the common were reduced to the status of agricultural labourers. With a rising population, and no alternative occupations to turn to, Dorset farm labourers were ‘ten a penny’ and had the dubious honour of being paid the poorest wages in the country.

Then there were the turnpike trusts that from the mid 18th century had gradually improved the country’s roads. The revolution here was not so much that you could travel further, or to new places, but that you could do so faster and at all times of the year. Finally, during the 1840’s and 50’s, the railways arrived in Dorset. For the first time man could travel faster than he could on a galloping horse. Like two large armies the London and South Western Railway and the Great Western Railway carved their way through the countryside in their attempts to gain territory and outflank each other. Nothing like it had been seen before and John Martin was there and involved with it all.

Martin’s most enduring legacy though came about because of an even more revolutionary change in society, when the balance of power and influence between church and state was subtly altered. For over 900 years the church had claimed, by divine law, a tenth part of each farmer’s annual produce. It was a contentious tax though and in one author’s view the avarice of the Church of England brought it close to being disestablished. From 1836 this tax, the tithe, as it was known, was replaced by a monetary payment that was regulated, not by the church, but by the state. This process, known as Tithe Commutation required land surveyors to make large scale maps of the parishes of the counties and John Martin made over fifty of these in Dorset, Somerset and Wiltshire. He was the most prolific of all the Dorset land surveyors.

I have structured the website in a manner similar to a traditional text book. The menu bar has a number of section headings and a brief description of the various topics is given there. Clicking on the + sign next to these headings will call up the drop down menus representing the chapters. None of the text is copyrighted so may be used freely elsewhere although an acknowledgement of it’s origins [by way of a link to johnmartinofevershot.org ]would be appreciated.

On the “In Depth” page I look in greater detail at some of the history and stories that lay behind the entries in his diary. I hope you find the site interesting. If you have any questions about Martin or any of the topics covered please feel free to email me at johnmartinofevershot@gmail.com 

Website updated 05/11/2025

John Martin’s Month – November 1854

In 1854 John Martin was beginning to feel his age. He was by now 74 years old and had spent the majority of his adult life in the saddle. We know he was baptised in 1780 but we have no clue as to his birthday. The 1854 diary has three entries, in pencil, ‘B Day’. One in October, another in November as here and the other on 28th December. It is reasonable to assume they refer to someone’s birthday but whose is not known.

Martin rarely mentions illness [assuming he was ever ill] but at the end of October 1854 he wrote that he had been suffering from the ‘Rheumatik’ but it seemed to settle and he worked through it. The ‘attack’ reappeared on 27th November and was clearly more troubling. He was laid up at home throughout the whole of December with it although he did manage to collect the rents at Rampisham over two days in the middle of the month.

We have no idea what symptoms he had or when they stopped as we do not have the diary for 1855. He does not appear to have consulted a Doctor, at any stage.